LAST MINUTE SUGGESTIONS-OPTIONALA HISTORY-Religious Renaissance In Ancient India

• Posadha-fast in jainism at a place paryusana.It is recommended for 8 days for the Swetambaras and 15 days for digambaras
• Bhagvati sutra is a jain canonical work
• Chakravartin,Sushama-dushama all are Jain concepts
• Syadvad amd nyayavad together are known as anekatavad
• Parsvanath hailed from Benaras
• Uposotha-fast in Buddhism and upasampada-initial conversion to buddhism
  
• Pancha sila is a buddhist concept
• Ajita founded ucchetabada and charbak founded lokayatabada
• According to jainism there are 63 salaka purusha and 12 chakrabortins
• The hymn of vajrayana sect was "Om mani padme hum".Tantricism is its part
• Followers of mahasanghika-andhraka
• asanga hailed from peshawar
• Nagarjuna was a friend of Gautamiputra satakarni
• Manjusri mulakalpya and guhyasamaja belong to tantricism
• Kalamukha sect flourished in Karnataka
• Mogapalli Tissa wrote kathavattu a work on Dipavamsa
• Mahayana sect flourished in Central Asia,China and Japan, Sarvastivadin in Mathura and Kashmir whereas Hinayana in SE Asia
• Vaja chaitya was circular
• Vasa-retreat of buddhist monks in rain

Tithankaras Cognizance Sasandevata
Adinath Bull Chankreswari
Aristanemi Conchshell Ambika
Neminath Blue Lotus Gandhari
Parsvanath Snake Padmavati
Mahavira Lion Siddhyaika

• Samvutavijaya was the first great pontiff after Mahavira
• Nagarjuna founded Madhyamik karika or Sunyavada
• Bhadrabahu wrote kalpasutra
• Chedasutra and mulasutra parts of jainism
• Mahakashyapa founded mahasanhika
• Tirthankaras were known as ford makers
• Asanga founded Yogachara school and wrote sutralankar and yogachatabhumishastra
• Utsarpini or period of improvement and avsarpini or period of decline are parts of Jainism
• Mahakacchayan of Avanti founded Theravada.Its text in sanskrit
• Names of 22nd and 23rd Tirthankara Arishtanemi and Parsvanath can be found in Vishnu Purana and Bhagavat Purana
• Rahulvadra founded sarvastivada
• Buddha intended to visit Asita, and meet his former teachers, Alara Kalama and Uddaka Ramaputta to explain his findings, but they had already died.
• Buddha's first sermon at sarnath
• Located on the fringes of Sravasti is the Jetavana Vihara, the monastery where the Buddha delivered the maximum number of sermons. Here the Anandabodhi tree stands as an eternal witness to the vicissitudes of history. This sacred tree was brought as a cutting from the Bodhi tree in Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka, which itself grew from a sapling of the original Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya.
• Shramana- ascetics of unorthodox sects
• Khuddaka Nikaya of Sutta pitaka contains Therigatha,jataka,Theragatha,Dhammapada and suttanipatta
• Vaipulya sutra,prajna paramita,sadharma pudharika,gnadha vyuha and avatamsaka belong to Buddhism
• Abhinava gupta founded Trika a form of saivism in Kashmir
• Syadvada or mayness is a reality has close affinity to Samkhya system
• Devadhi kshamasharana presided over the 2nd jain council held at vallabhi
• Maitryeanath wrote Vigyanavada
• Protima or Gnanasthana-11 stages to attain Kaivalya
  

HISTORY OPTIONAL-MODERN INDIA-INDEPENDENT KINGDOMS AND ANGLO WARS

• Sadat Khan's original name was Mir Md Amin and he got the title Burhaan Ul Mulk
• He was a Faujdar of Bayana
• The highest post under Safdarjung was held by a Hindu Nawab Rai
• Zeech Mohammed Shahi or the Movement of astronomical bodies was a famous astronomical table of Maharaja Swai Jai Singh of Jaipur.He founded Jaipur in 1728
• Mir Kasim gave the British Midnapore,Chittagong and Burdwan
  
• Mir Kasim transferred his capital to Monghyr in 1762
• Hector Munro led the British Army in the Battle of Buxar
• Surajmal was known as The Plato of Jat tribe
• Ghulam Hussein wrote Siyar ul Mukkharein
• Siraj renamed Calcutta as Alinagar
• In Feb 1757, Siraj Concluded the Treaty of Alinagar with the British
• By the Treaty of 1760 Mir Kashim promised to give the British a sum of 5 lakh rupees
• Shaukat Jung was defeated by Siraj in the Battle of Manihari
• Amin Chand threatened Clive to leak the conspiracy against Siraj and thus Clive forged a copy of agreement with Amin
• Ahmad Shah Abdali gave Badan Singh the title Mahendra
• Haider Ali set up an Arsenal in Dindigul
• In 1780 Hyder Ali captured Arcot
• Eyre Coote led English troops in the Battle of Porto Novo in 1780
• Tipu sanctioned grants for repairing the image of Godess Sarada of the Sringeri Temple
• Tipu assumed the title Padshah in 1787
• Battle of Saint Thome was an important event of the First Anglo Carnatic War.There the French troop was led by Capt Paradise whereas the troops of the nawab of Carnatic Anwar ud Din was led by Mahfooz Khan
• British troops tried to capture Pondicherry during the first Anglo Carnatic War under Rear Admiral Boscawen
• In 1754 Godeheu replaced Dupleix as the Governor General of all French possessions in India
• The trio Chanda Sahib,Muzaffar Jung and Dupleix killed Anwar ud Din at the battle of Ambar
• Eyre Coot led the British troops in the third Anglo Carnatic War whereas Cont de Lally led the French troops.British navy was led by Pocock and French navy by D'Ache
• One notable military advance championed by Tipu Sultan was the use of mass attacks with rocket brigades, called kushoons, in the army
• During his rule, Tippu Sultan laid the foundation for a dam where the famous Krishna Raja Sagara Dam across the river Cauvery was later built.
• During the first Anglo Mysore war the British troops were led by Colonel Smith and during the second war they were led by Eyre Coote whereas Lord Cornwallis led in the third battle
• Tipu was well versed in Arabic,Urdu,Persian and Kannada
• The Battle of Bedara (25 November 1759) was fought between the British & Mir Jafar along with the help of Dutch (for financial obligations to East India Company). In this battle, latter was completely & decisively defeated by the British

HISTORY-ROAD TO A RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT

Provisions of 1773 Act

• Court of Directors hitherto elected every year would be elected for 4 years
  
• Total number of Directors 24,one fourth retiring every year
• A Governor General in Bengal with four members to assist him and the quorum was 3
• The member of Governor Generals EC to hold office for 5 years
• The Governor General will have authority over Madras and Bombay
• Supreme court was created
• The court was given both original and appellate jurisdiction

Provisions of 1784 Act

• A Board of Control with 6 members
• Court of Directors retained real executive power and patronage and Board of control no power of patronage
• The members of Governor Generals EC was reduced to 3
• Only Covenanted servants will be appointed as members of the Council of Governor General
• The Presidencies of Bombay and Madras were subordinated to the Governor General
• Prohibition of aggressive wars and treaties with Indian princes

Provisions of 1813 Act

• Company was deprived of monopoly of trade except trade with China and trade in tea
• Rs 1 lakh for education in India

Provisions of 1833 Act

• Centralized government in India and the Governor General of Bengal was made the Governor General of India
• Bombay and Madras completely subordinated to the Governor General
• A new member, a Law member in the Governor General's EC
• Company lost its monopoly of tea trade and trade with China
• "No Indian or natural born subject of the Crown resident in India by reason of birth,colour,descent, be disqualified for any employment under the company
• Government of India to take serious measures to ameliorate the condition of slaves
  

Provisions of 1853 Act

• The law member was made a full member
• The number of Court of Directors reduced to 18, 6 nominated by the Crown and the quorum was fixed at 10
• The power of patronage of the Directors was curbed
• Services thrown to open competition

Provisions of 1858 Act

• A Secretary of State for India and he will be assisted by 15 members of which 8 to be nominated by the Crown whereas 7 to be nominated by the Court of Directors
• Half of the members must have worked in India for at least 10 years
• Governor General was made Viceroy
• Appointment to the Covenanted servants to be made by open competitive examination

Provisions of 1861 Act

• Introduction of Portfolio system
• A fifth member added to Viceroy's EC and he has to be a gentleman of legal profession
• For legislative purpose Viceroy's EC was expanded by the addition of not less than 6 and not more than 12 members half of which must be non officials
• Their tenure for 6 months
• Power of Bombay and Madras Presidencies restored

Provisions of 1892 Act

• Two fifth of the members of the council to be non officials
• Principle of election introduced
• Members could ask questions and general discussion on budget was allowed

Some points to remember

• PSC introduced by the act of 1919
• The preamble of the Act of 1919 was based on the August declaration of 1917
• The income qualification of Hindu candidates was much more than that of Muslim candidates by the Act of 1909
• Introduction of election by the Act of 1909
• The details of electoral qualification and seat allocation was left to local authorities by the act of 1909
• The Act of 1919 was the most short lived act
• An Indian was appointed to the Viceroy's EC for the first time by the Act of 1909
• By the Act of 1909 Executive Councils were created for Bengal,Bihar,Orissa and UP
• By the Act of 1935, Council of States to have 250 members and Federal Assembly 375 members wherein Princely states to send 104 and 125 nominated candidates respectively
• Provincial autonomy was granted by the Act of 1935.
• A Federation by the Act of 1935 could not be formed unless states sent not less than 104 members to the Council of the States
  

HISTORY-GOVERNOR GENERALS

• Collectors were appointed during Warren Hastings
• When Hastings resigned Clavering was to become his successor.He even took oath.
  
• Cole brook and William Jones codified the Hindu Law
• With the help of Colonel Sleeman Bentinck suppressed the Thuggis
• In 1850 Sikkim was annexed by Dalhousie
• Annexation of Lower Burma or Pegu in 1852
• Lord Amherst captured Bharatpur in 1826
• Wasil, Chitu and Karim Khan led the Pindaris.They were suppressed by Hastings
• Dalhousie concluded a treaty with the Nizam in 1853 by which Berar was ceded to the company
• Anglo Bhutanese war during Lord Lawrence
• State Railways were started during Lord Mayo
• Dept of Agriculture and Commerce was started during Mayo
• Initially railway was started by private parties
• Lytton started Statutory Civil Service
• In 1886 during the tenure of Lord Duffin,Aichinson Commission was appointed on Civil Services
• Rendition of Mysore by Ripon
• Bentinck created the post of Commissioners
• Indian Post and Telegraph Act-1854
• Abolition of Slavery by Ellenbrough
• Lord Hardinge-ban on female infanticide and human sacrifice,First Anglo sikh war
• First Anglo Afghan War- During Lord Auckland and Second during Lord Lytton
• PWD was formed during Dalhousie
• Cornwalis separated Revenue from administration and abolished the judicial power of the collectors
• During Warren Hastings treasury was transferred to Calcutta from Murshidabad
• Rohilla war in 1774.Their leader Hafiz Rehmat KhanThe decisive battle was fought in Miranpur
• Warren Hastings was expert in Arabic,Persian and could speak in Bengali.He patronised oriental Learning
• During Cornwalis provincial courts were established in Valcutta,Dacca,Murshidabad and Patna.In certain cases such courts even had original jurisdiction
• John Shore and James Grant helped Cornwallis in evolving the Permanent Settlement
• Wellesley called himself Bengal tiger
• Wellesley sent Mehdi Ali Khan as envoy to Persia
• Bentinck regularised and licensed opium trade and export
• Bentick signed a treaty of perpetual friendship with Ranjit Singh
• Lytton patronised free trade and abolished duties on many products like sugar,clothings,drills etc.
  

Freedom Struggle-PART III-Concluding Part

• Chudringer was the Commerce minister in the interim govt whereas Abdul Rav Nistar was Communication minister
• Mountbatten Plan was also known as Balkan Plan
• Kashmir's premier during independence was Kak
• VP Menon moved the resolution for independence of India
• Ramakrishna Aiyer led the Punnapar Vayalar movement in Travancore
• Congress delegates in the Simla Conference was led by MAKA
• Ad miral Godfrey was given the charge to suppress RIN Mutiny
• Bakhast Peasant Rebellion was in Bihar in 1946-47
• KB Hedgewar founded RSS in 1925
• Subramania Iyer was the first Indian to be appointed the Vice Chancellor of Madras University
• Nabagopal Mitra started Hindu Mela and popularised the term "National"
• MN Roy founded Radical Democtatic Party in 1940 and also International Humanists
• C Rajagopalachari founded Swatantra Party
• From 1916 to 1921 Fazlul Haq was the President of Muslim League
• Bulabhai Deasai,KN Katju,TB Sapru,Asaf Ali and Nehru were in the team to provide legal aid to INA convicts
• Nankhana tragedy took place in February 1921
• Shiromani Gurdwara Prabondhak Committee founded in 1920
• Guru ka Bagh Styagraha-October 1922
• Nabha Agitation over the removal of Ripudaman Singh in 1923.Congress sent Nehru,Gidwani and Sathanam to enquire
• MN Srinivasan used the term Sanskritization
• Subramaniyam Tiramambu was known as Singing Sword of Kerala
• Ramkrishna Pillai wrote Swadeshabhimani and also wrote the first biography of Karl Marx in Tamil Nadu
• BR Ambedkar founded Bahishkrit Hitakarni Sabha in 1924
• Jyotiba Phule founded Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873
• Nadar Mahajan Sangam-1910
• CV Raman Pillai wrote Martanda Varna
• Periyar started Self Respect Movement
• Periyar joined the Congress in 1919, but resigned in 1925 when he felt that the party was only serving the interests of the Brahmins
• In 1939, Periyar became the head of the Justice Party
• In 1938 session of Hindu Mahasabha Savarkar declared "We Hindus are a nation by ourselves"
• Mohd Shafi Section of the Muslim League supported Simon Commission
• Subramaniyam Aiyer published Hindu
• Indigo rebellion was cooperative,disciplined and organised
• Aswini Kr Dutta called the Amravati session of 1897 a Three Day Tamasha
• Muthuswami Iyer was appointed a High Court Judge in Madras in 1978
• Tilak started a train called Congress Special
• KN Natarajan started "Indian Social Reformer"
• Rajendra Prasad moved the resolution for office acceptance
• All India Kisan Day 1st September 1936
• Hindu Mahsabha was founded in Haridwar
• After the Kohat riot Gandhiji went for a 21 day strike in 1924
• Ganhiji did not attain 1927 Madras session of Congress
• Vandemataram was the slogan for the Ghadarites and Sat sri Akal was avoided
• Krishna Rao,T Prakashan and C Pillai were together known as Egmore
• Punjab Land Alienation Act-1901
• Bengal Tenancy Act-1885
• Malabar Tenancy Act-1929
• Fazl Hussain started Unionist Party
• Agarkar edited Sudhakar
• Deccan Agriculturist Relief Act-1879
• 
  

HISTORY FREEDOM STRUGGLE PART III( COMMUNISM,TRADE UNION MOVEMENTS,COMMUNALISM,PRINCELY STATES,CAPITALISM)

• Bombay Mill and Millhands Association in 1880 by Narayan Lokhande.He also published Dinabandhu
• Indian Industrial Commission was started in 1918
• AK Gopalan and Krishna Pillai started Gurvayuue Satyagraha in 1931
• In 1938 Hindustan Majdoor Sabha was founded by Rajendra Prasad,JB Kripalni and Patel
• Great Indian Peninsular Railway Strike in May 1899 was the first strike in modern India
• NG Ranga started Peasant Training Institute at Nidabrolu
  
• Darsananda and Viswananda were involved in the East India Railway Strike in 1922
• Mirajkar,Joglekar and Ghate formed Peasants and Workers Party in BombayCPI was recognised by COMMINTERN in 1930
• Michael Borodin converted MN Roy to Communism in Mexico
• SA Dange published The Socialist, first communist journal in India
• Singaravellu Chettiar presided over the first all India conference of Communists in Kanpur in 1925
• Ghulam Hussain published Inquilab from Punjab
• Girni Kamgar Union Strike in 1928-29- Ranadive, Deshpande, Alve and Kasle
• C Rajagopalachari gave the idea of Sales Tax
• Capitalist Class opposed Public Safety Bill, 1928
• "Muslims are fools to ask for constitutional safeguards and Hindus are fooler to refuse them"-Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
• In the Allahabad session of the league Iqbal first demanded a Muslim dominated NWFP
• Mohd Ali presided over Kakinada session of Congress in 1923
• In 1924 after a riot broke out in Kohat Gandhiji went for a strike to condemn it
• Jinnah joined Muslim League in 1913
• Mohd Ali edited Comrade
• Ahrar movement led by Hakim Ajmal Khan, Mohsin ul Mulk and Mohd Ali
• Malavya and MS Aney started Congress Nationalist Party
• Lal Chand wrote "Self Abnegation in Politics"
• MAKA edited Al Hilal
• Gowalkar wrote"Our Nationhood Redefined"
• Sarojini Naidu called Jinnah"Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity"
• In 1928 Subhash and Nehru formed Independence for India League
• In 1922 MN Roy published Vanguard of Indian Independence from Berlin
• Nehru presided over AITUC in 1929 and Subhash in 1931
• MN Roy wrote India in Transition
• Meerut Conspiracy Case was over Public Safety Bill issue
• JP wrote a book "Why Socialism"
• Nehru was the Chairman of the National Planning Committtee appointed by Subhash in 1938
• Nehru presided over Ludhiana session of All India States Peoples Conference(AISPC) in 1939
• In Haripura session, 1938 Purna Swaraj included Princely states as well
• First AISPC was held in Bombay in 1927 at the initiative of Balbantrai Mehta, CR Abhayankar and Manik Lal Kothari
• In 1927 Butler Committee was appointed to work on relation with Pricely States
• Swami Ramananda Tirtha organised protest against Princely rule in Hyderabad and UN Dhebar and Jethalal Joshi in Rajkote
• In 1920 Nagpur session Congress demanded responsible governance in Princely states as well
• Hyderabad was the biggest princely state
• Singaravellu Chettiar was the first to organise May Day in India in Madras in 1923
• Fawell Committee in 1929 on Labour Reforms
• Gandhi did not attend the first session of AITUC
• Patel formed INTUC in 1944
• BP Wadia founded Madras Labour Union in 1918 and it was the first organised Trade Union in India
• Ahmedabad Labour Union was the first to be registered under Trade Union Act 1926
• Tilak was the main ideologist behind AITUC
• First meeting of AITUC in Bombay in 1920
• Muslims are fools to ask for constitutional safeguards and the Hindus are fooler to refuse them-Comment By MAKA
• Gowalkar wrote "We"

Freedom Struggle PART I ( Swadesi Movement to Civil Disobedience Movement)

• Industrial conference began to be held from December 1905 onwards along with Congress sessions to promote the spirit of non militant Swadeshi
• Krishna Kumar Mitra's Anti Circular Samiti was the only of its kind to induct Muslims and it boycotted the idea of Shivaji or Ganpati festivals because of their religious leanings
• Surat Session of 1907 was scheduled to be held at Nagpur
• Tilak was given the title Lokmanya during the course of Home Rule movement
• Udham singh killed Gen Dyer
• Tilak's case in 1916 was fought by a committee led by Jinnah
• In 1916 Lucknow session Muslim league wanted under representation of the League in Muslim dominated provinces and over representation in Muslim majority provinces
• Nava Bharat Sabha was formed against the autocratic rule of the Maharaja of Gwalior
• 1908 Tuticorin Coral Meal Strike was led by Chidambaram Pillai and Subramaniyam Siva
• Subramaniyam Bharti wrote poems hailing the Russian revolution of 1917
• Subramaniyam Aiyer renounced Knighthood in protest of the arrest of Annie Besant in 1917
• Lala Harkishan published Tribune and founded the Punjab National Bank
• Gnanendra Nath Basu set up the first terrorist group of Bengal
• Hemchandra Kanungo went to Paris to get military training
• V.J Patel and GK Parikh enquired into the Kheda case
• In Bardoli Kuverji Mehta founded Patidar Yuvak Mandal
• Annie Besant believed in Fabian Socialism
• Tilak wrote Arctic Home of the Vedas and Gita Rahasya
• Bhagat Singh wrote"Door to Death"
• Lala Hardayal wrote earliest Indian article on Marxism in Modern Review(1912)
• Bipin Bihari Ganguly established Atmonnati Samiti
• CR Das moved the resolution on Non Cooperation
• Tilak first proposed the formation of a Congress working Committe in 1916
• Sachin Sanyal wrote Bandi Jivan
• Preetilata Waddedar was the first woman martyr of Modern India
• Shyamji Krishna varma published Indian Sociologist
• Madam Bhikaji Kama published Vandemataram from Paris and she founded Paris Indian Society
• Lala Hardayal, Bhupebdranath Dutta and Virendranath Chatterjee founded Independence Committe and published Talwar from Berlin and also engaged in Zimmerman Plan with help from the Germans
  
• GD Kumar published Swades Sevak and Tarak Nath Daas published Free Hindustan
• Shankaran Nair was the first Indian to be appointed Advocate General of Madras.He resigned after the Jalianwalabagh massacre
• Tilak Swaraj Fund was created after the Vijaywada session in March 1921
• Rajani Pam Dutta in his India Today harshly criticized Gandhi
  
• Highest number of delegates in any session of Congress was in Nagpur Session in 1921
• Three Indians in the Hunter Commission wre Sultan Ahmad, Jagat Narayan and Chiman Lal
• Mohanlal Pandya had started the No rent movement in Kheda
• In November 1919 All India Khilafat Conference was held in Delhi with Gandhi as its President
• Gandhi was not in favour of Luknow Pact
• Vaikom Styagraha was led by K Kelappan, TK Madhavan and K P Menon
• Nagpur Flag Satyagraha-1923
• Independent Party was formed by Jinnah in 1923
• Muddiman Committe was formed to enquire into the functioning of 1919 Act in 1927
• Poona Pact was mediated by Madan Mohan Malavya
• Khudai Khidmatgar was formally made a part of Congress in 1931
• Shaikh Abdullah founded Muslim Conference in 1932 which was renamed as National Conference in 1938
• Lee Modi Pact was signed in 1933 which stated that British will export more cotton clothes to India in exchange for more export of raw cotton from India
• Demand for linguistic provinces was made a part of Congress resolution in 1920
• Dange wrote Gandhi Vs Lenin
• Nehru ,Besant, Jinnah, Patel all were present in the inaugural session of AITUC but Gnadhi kept himself aloof
• Baba Ramachandra founded Kurmi Kshatriya Sabha
• Raj narayan Bose gave call for Nationalism in late 1880s
• Besant opposed Rowlatt Satyagraha.Was it because Gandhi too kept hiself aloof from Besant's Home Rule? Think...
• Due to violence in Ahmedabad Gandhi called off Rowlatt Satyagraha
• HRA was formed in 1924 in Kanpur
• Abdul Bari of Lucknow supported Rowlatt Satyagraha
• Organisation of Besant's Home Rule was much looser than that of Tilak and only 3 members could form a group
• Khilafat committee was formed in Lucknow in 1919
  

Early Medieval India

• Amoghvarsha patronised Jinasena the author of Adipurana
• The gahdwalah ruler Chndradeva imposed a tax on the Muslims called Turushkadana
• Dantidurga performed Hiranyagarbhadana
• Al Masudi wrote the book "Muruj uj jahan"
• Yashovarman the Chandella ruler built the Khajuraho temple
• The chahamans of Shakambri had several other branches in places like Pratapgarh,Lata, Satvapura, Naddula,Dwalapuri and Ranthambore
• The term Afghan means "To Cry"
• Malatimadhava of Bhabavuti was an important work to know about the kapalikas
• The famous uthor Kshemendra lived in Kashmir
• Dhanyaloka was a work on poetics
• The Chandella rulers revived the gold coins during the medieval period
• The capital of the Hindushahis was Udabandha or Undh
• Harikeli nataka written by Chahamana king Vigraharaja, is inscribed on the slabs of Adhai din ka jhopda
• Pratihara kings had the finest cavalry in the contemporary time
• Nannuka was the founder of the Chandella dynasty and Dhanga was the greatest ruler
• Govindachandra's court was adorned by Lolla Lakshmidhara the author of Kritya kalpataru
• Jaydeva wrote Prasanna Raghava
• Prithviraja Vijaya was written by Jayanka whereas Prithviraja Raso by Chand Vardai
• Govardhanacharya wrote"Aryaprasasti", an erotic poem
• Bilhana wrote Karnasundari
• Krishna I, the Rashtrakuta ruler founded Kailasha temple at Ellora
• Amoghavarsha wrote "prasnottarmalika" and "Kavirajamarga", the earliest work on poetics
• Hindushahis were known as Lallyiah Shahi in Rajtarangini
• Great poet Dhananjay, the author of "Dasarup" adorned the court of Vakpai Munja
• Samantasena was known as Brahma Kshatriya
• Dhoyi wrote Pandavadutam
• Devpala transferred the capital to Monghyr
• During the Pala ruler Rampala Sandhakar Nandi wrote "Ramcharita Manasa" and it was during this time kaivarta rebelion took place
• Dharmapala built the Vikramshila university at Patharghata
• Under the ruler Harsha, Kalhana wrote Rajtarangini in the 12th century
• During the Karkota ruler Durlabh Vardhan, Hieu-en-Tsang visited Kashmir
• The Karkota ruler Lalitaditya Muktadipa built the Sun temple at Martand
• Queen Dida who ruled between 958-1003 AD was of the Utpala dynasty and the wife of Kshemagupta
• Chandellas were the first to use Hindi in Devnagari script
• Al Mashahar went to Benaras to study Sanskrit and astronomy for decade
• The famous image of Bagdevi which is the insignia of Jnanpith award is taken from the symbol prevailing during King Bhoja
• Life science was not taught at Nalanda
• Dhara was a great centre of Sanskrit learning
• Somnath temple was dedicated to Vishnu
• Medhatithi wrote commentaries on Manu
• Chandella king Dhanga sacrificed his life at Prayag at old age
• Chalukya kings were great patrons of Jainism
• Mukteshwara temple was built in the 9th century
• Bhabhavuti author of Malatimadhava and Uttaramacharita was patronised by Yahovarman of Kanauj
• The temples within Khajuraho complex-Duladeo,Kaunarya Mahadeva,Lakshmana,Viswanath,Parshanath and Devi Jagadamba
• Bana wrote Harshacharita, Kadambari and Parvatiparinaya
• In Ellora Brahmanism,Buddhism and Jainism works are found
  

Vedic Age and Brahmanical religion

• Saraswati is identified with Ghagghar Hakra and it was the most sacred river and known as Naditarna
• Valkhilya hymns can be found in RigVeda
• Divodasa was the father of Sudas
• Agastya aryanised South India
• Language of Upanishads was classical Sanskrit
• Samitis were most important during the selection of the King
• Gopatha Brahmana was attached to Atharva Veda
• Sautramani was the festival of Soma Drinking
• Aranyakas highligjhted the mysticism prevailing during the Vedic age
• Atharva veda talks about Sati
• Indra, Agni,Varuna,Mitra and Nyasa were the Indo-Iranian gods
• Orgin of universe was in the 10th mandala of Rigveda
• Sulagava meant sacrifice
• Ratnavamsi ceremony was a part of Rajasuya yajna
• In maitryeani upanishad the doctrine of Trimurti discussed
• Dialogue between Nachiketa and Yama in Katha Upanishad
• Yajurveda was the manual of Adhvaryus who prepared fire altars and the ground of sacrifice
• Valkhilya hymns are in the 8th mandala of Rigveda
• Nirukta written by Yaksha is the oldest work on Rigveda
• Chandogya upanishad discusses three ashramas
• First literary evidence of Gotra is Atharvaveda
• Gayatri mantra in the 3rd mandala of Rigveda
• Purush Sukta andNasadiya hymns are in the 10th mandala of RigVeda
• Sankhya was the oldest among the various philosophical schools
• Upanishads in prose form-shatpatha and chandogya
• Aghoris were the successor of the kapalikas.They had two branches -Shuddha and malina
• Namma and Tirumalisay wre the most popular Alvar saint
• Kulashekhara was an Alvar saint
• Pashupata cult was most popular in Kashmir, Gujarat and Nepal
• Of all the Brahmanical offshoots, Shaivism was the earliest
• Agamanta, Aghori, kapalika,Verrasaiva, Suddha, Pashupat,Lingayat were all shaivite offshoots
• Satvata vidhi and pancharatra agama were cults of Bhagvatism
• Manu talked about 6 kinds of slaves
• The Mora inscription talks about Panchaveera.They were Samkarshana, Aniruddha, Pradyumna, Samba and Vasudeva
• Earliest refrence to Vyuha doctrine was Brahma sutra
• Shandilya propounded Pancharatra cult
• The text of the nyanaras was known as Tevaram whereas the text of the Alvaras was known as Prabhandha
• Thirunabhukkarasu was also known as Appar
  
• Gautamiputra satakarni was known as Ekabrahmana
  

Bhaktism and Sufism

• Ramanuja lived in Kanchipuram and he was orthodox in thinking
• Ramanand was the first Bhakti saint of North India to incorporate Hindi in his writings
• Nimbarka believed in Vishistadvaita
• Vallabhacharya propunded Shuddhadvaita and he preached from Srirangam.His philosophy was known as Pushtimarga and his school of thought Rudrasampradaya.He wrote Sahitya Ratna,Sur Sagar, Sur Sarawali.
• Tulsidasa wrote Gitawali, Kavitawali and Vinay Patrika
• In Janam Sakhi Nanak's encounter with Sufism is given
• Ramanand wrote Dasabodha
• Ramanuja wrote Gitabhashya and Srivashya
• Centre of Bhakti in Maharashtra was Pandharpur
• Prapatti was Complete surrender to God
• Tazk-e -duniya was renunciation of the world
• Nizamuddin Ahmad preached yogic breathing exercise and known as Shudh
• Trinity of Bhakti in North India-Nanak, Kabir and Raidasa
• Lyrical poems of Eknatha"Bhanga"
• Namdev was influenced by Islam
• Jalaluddin Bukhari, who teachings inspired Feroz Shah Tughlak was also known as Makhdum-i-Jahan or Jahanghast
• Bahauddin Zakariya founded Shuhrawardi sect in India
• Miyan Mir wrote Das Makhum Rekhta
• Vallabhacharya visited the court of Krishna Deva Raya
• Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi, a Naqshbandi sufi saint was also known as Mujaddid Alif Sani
• Abdul Haq was the only orthodox saint among all the Qadiriya saints whereas Shah Wali Ullah was the only moderate saint among the Naqshbandi saints
• Rishi movement led by Nuruddin Rishi was popular in Kashmir
• Beshahra- Not bound by Islamic laws
• Qadiriya saints wore green turban
• Khair ul majalis a ufi book written bu Hamid Qalandari was on Hamiduddin Nagauri
• Ibn Arbi first gave the concept of Wahdahat ul Wajud
• Dara and Jahanara were followers of miyan Mir
• Except Nizamuddin all leading sufi saints were married
• Quberiwa sect was popular in Kshmir
• Ramananda took the name "Adbhuta"
• Marifat or wasl was eternal bliss
• Al Hujwiri wrote Kashful i Majhb
• Nizamuddin Auliya saw the rule of seven rulers but visited the court of none
• Vrindavan in the present state was identified by valabhacharya
• 
  

MAURYAN AGE-facts you must know

• Diodorus's account was the earliest foreign account on India and it was written in Latin whereas Arrian's account was the latest and it was written in Greek
• Dasaratha also adopted the title piyadassi
• Radhagupta helped Asoka in his battle against his brothers
• Selukos Samvat-312 BC
• Asoka's wife Tissarakha killed the Bodhi tree as she was jealous and felt his husband was spending more time with the tree
• Arthashastra was the first written evidence of census in the world
• Adeva matraka meant the land which needed no irrigation
• Asoka's mother was Subhadrangi
• Justin stated that Chandragupta met Alexander whereas Strabo tells that Chandragupta developed marital relation with CelukosMashaka was copper coin
• During Asoka the name of Barabara hills was Khalantika
• In the edict of Lauriya nandangirh there was a single lion in the capital whereas Lauriya araraj had Garuda as the capital
• I'Tsing saw Asoka's statue in monk's garb
• Asoka's daughter Charumati was married to Nepala king Devpala
• Yona meant Greek
• Nanda army in the war against the Mauryas was led by Bhaddassala
• Vishnu Purana talks about the Mauryans
• According to Parishista Parvana the Parvataka sect made an alliance with Chandragupta to depose the Nandas
• Bivita was cattle tax whereas Set was irrigation tax
• Pingalvatsa an Ajivika fortune teller first told Bindusara that one day Asoka will be the king
• The Sohugara edict talks about famine during Asoka
• Kautilya talks about 15 mixed classes or Antyavasinas
• Megasthenes calls Shiva as Dionysus and Krishna as Heracles
• The name Asoka can be found in Maski, Gujjara and Nettur edicts
• The philosophers were exempted from taxation
• In the Bhabru edict Asoka declares his faith for Buddhism
• Errgundi was the only place where both major and minor edicts of Asoka can be found
• 
  

Mahajanapadas

1. River Gandak was known as Sadaneera
2. Gandhara king Pukkusati exchanged gifts with Bimbisara and went on foot to meet Buddha
3. Bimbisara was known as Srenika and Ajashatru as Kunika
4. Shishunaga transferred the capital to Vaishali but Kalashoka transferred it permanently to Patliputra
5. Nagadassaka was the last Haryanka ruler
6. Mahapadmananda was known as Sarvakshatrantaka and also Ekrat and Ekachhatra.He was also known as Ugrasena
   
7. Vatsa king Udayin fell in love with Basabdutta, wife of Chandro Prodotya Mahadaya.This has been the subject matter of Bhasa'a Swapnobasabdutta
8. Vassakara was the wicked minister of Ajatshatru
9. In Shatpatha Brahmana king was called as Viswamatta or eater of the peopleIn
10. Bimbisara defeated Brahmadatta, the ruler of Anga
11. Capital of Magadha initially was Kusumpura
12. Anguttara Nikaya gives an account of the 16 mahajanapadas
13. In Ramayana Magadha was known as Vasumati
14. Devdatta a cousin of Buddha instigated Ajatshatru to kill Bimbisara
15. Bhahrut inscription talks about Buddha's meeting with Ajatshatru
16. Panini hailed from Gandhara
17. The function of Tudiyas and Akasiyas was tax collection
18. Kalashoka was known as Kakavarna
19. Malla was a non monarchial state
20. In the Battle of Aspasioi, Alexander was injured by the Malavas
    

Post Mauryan Period

• Kushanas issued largest variety of coins
  
• Artisans and craftsmen were drawn mainly from the Shudras
• Royal writs of land grants were known as Sasanpatra whereas private writs were caled Lankikalekha or Karyalekha
• Guilds were not involved in sale or distribution of commodities
• Kushanas wre the first to issue gold coins on Roman pattern
• Sind Sauvira was famous for horses and asses
• Tamil and Chera kingdoms were the first to start trading relation with Rome
• Cotton clothes of fine quality was known as Monakhe whereas that of coarse quality was known as sagmatogene
• There was no guild for the carpenters
• Mercantile cooperation was known as Sreni
• Conventions of the guilds were knwon as Sthitipatra or Sambhitpatra
• Mathura inscription states that guilds provided loans against mortgage
• Jataka tells that there were 18 guilds
• Wima cadphises converted to saivism and called himself maheswar
• The official language of the satvahanas was Prakrit with Brahmi as the script
• Mathura inscription tells us that the guilds provided loans against mortgage
• Indo-Greeks were the first to issue gold coins
• Kushanas issued largest number of copper coins
• Vashisthiputra Pulamayee set up the capital at Pratisthana
• Begram wa sthe summer capital of the Kushanas
• Rabatak inscription talks a great deal about the Kushanas
• Aiteraya Brahmana first talked about the Satvahanas
• Arikamedu was the first Roman station to be discovered in India
• Earliest example of Amravati art from Jaggyapeta
• Oldest Buddha idol from Katra
• The earliest use of the word "Jati" in Nirukta
• Stupa at Bahrut was the oldest one
• Kanishka adopted the title "Kaiser"
• According to some sources the 3rd Buddhist Council was held in Jalandhar
• Sarnath Buddhist image inscription of Kanishka talks about dual governorship and two governors of Kanishka-Vanspara and Kharapallana
• Patanjali was the Chief priest of Pushyamitra Shunga
• Kharvela, best remembered for the Hatigumpha inscription was the ruler of the Cheta dynasty founded by Mahameghavahana
• Greeko Bactrian king Antiklidas sent Heliodorous to King Bhagvata, a shunga ruler
• Different names of different regions-

Mathura- Arjunanya
Beas and Sutlej-Kunindya
Jalandhar-Trigarta
Ludhiana, Ambala,Karnal,Hissar,Rohtak- Yaudheya(belonged to the warrior class)

• Maues was the first saka king
• St Thomas was killed in Mylapur
• In the coins of Kanishka, we find the name Boddo for Buddha
• When the members of higher varna were mortgaged they were known as Ahitaka
• Malavas started Vikram era in 57 AD
• Asvaghosha was the first to write play in Sanskrit and Buddhacharita holds the distinction of being the first complete play in Sanskrit.He also wrote Sariputta Prakarana and Ganeshastotra
• Aziles, a shaka ruler started the Abhishekha Lakshmi coins
• Arrian's book was also titled Indica
• In Nanaghat we find the earliest portrait sculptor
• Bhasha wrote Pratimanataka
• Nagarjuna was a contemporary of Gautamiputra
• Gondophernes took the itle Devavrata
• Patanjali called sakas as anirvasita shudra
• Kushanas started Devkula or temples holding the names of the kings
• Greeks started military governorship and such governors were known as Strategors
• The post Amatya was created by the Satavahanas
• Cosmos wrote Indicopleustis and Christian Topography
  

Histoy-Sangam period and the concluding part of Gupta Period

• Karaikal , the greatest Chola ruler transferred the capital to Kaveripattinam and he converted the Oliyar community from nomadic to settled life.He also fought a battle at Reuni
• Perunarkilli,the Chola ruler was the only Chola king to perform Rajsuya yajna
  
• Nedunjelian, the Pandya ruler was the hero of Silpapadikaram and he defeated Chola and Chera rulers in the battle of Talaiyangam
• Ahom was the story of love whereas Puram was the story of battles
• Thirunavukkarasu coined the term Sangam
• Thirukural, written by Thiruvaluvar is known as the Bible of the Tamil land and also the 5th Veda
• Senguttuvan, the Red Chera started Pattini cult was known as Kodal Pirakottiyama and he destroyed the efficacy of sea as a refuge
• Tolakappiyam was a book on grammer
• Kadimaram or kavalaram was the worship of tutelary tree
• Perundevanar translated Mahabharata into Tamil
• Tamil is the oldest Dravidian language
• Tolakappiyam is the earliest Tamil literary work extant today
• Sati or Tippaidal was common
• Kuppidu-Unit of measurement
• Nalikal-Unit of time
• Kalam-Unit of grain
• Kanam-Gold
• Velli-Silver
• Velvi-yajna
  
• Kadamai-King's customary tax
• Variyam-Land yielding tax
• Variyar-Tax collecting official
• Alakkus or Ulakku- Revenue measurement
• Pattinapattu-A work on Kaveripattanam
• Kalabhras rose against the Brahmins and ended the Sangam period
• Tirumal was the name of Vishnu
• Kalanju was a type of gold coin
• Korkai was known as Kolchi and Mahabalipuram as Melange
• Malayalam is the latest Dravidian language
• Spy was known as Orrayiar
• Nadukkal or virakkal was hero stone
• Alumbi Vel was revenue accountant
• Bhasa's Swapnovasavdutta was the earliest Sanskrit drama
• Earliest evidence of Vishti was in Bhagvata Purana
• Ritusamhara was the earliest work of Kalidasa
• Kumardasa wrote Janakiharana
• Chronlogical order of some Puranas: Manu-Brihaspati-Narada-Katyana-Vayu-Devala
• Auranasthanika-Officers in charge of wool market during the Gupta period
• Navaniketan-a book on medicine
• Vatsvatta wrote the famous Mandasore inscription of Kumargupta
• Maniyar Math was a circular temple only one of its kind
• Bhairavi wrote Kiratarjuniyam
• Yajnavalkya Smriti was the official lawbook of the Guptas

P.S: You should follow D N Jha's Ancient India for Gupta Age and Agnihotri's guidebook for the Sangam age chapter.

History- Gupta Age-Some High Frequency Questions Part I

• Guptas belonged to Dharana gotra
• Pushyavarman, a Kamprupa ruler placed as the ruler of North eastern part of the empire
• The poetic work"Krishna Charitam" is supposed to have been written by Samudragupta and for his poetic brilliance he got the title"Kaviraja"
• Some of the famous inscriptions of Kumaragupta were Bilsad, Damodarpur,Karmandaka ,Mandasore
• The Eran insciption(510 AD)is the first reference to Sati in India
• Yashodharman of Malwa defeated Mihirkula who then retreated to Kashmir and there he embraced Shaivism
• Apart from Chandragupta II Skandagupta also took the title Vikramaditya
• Samudragupta and Skandagupta both performed ashwamedha yajna
  
• Rulers after Skandagupta Purugupta-Buddhagupta-Vanyagupta-Bhanugupta-Narasimhagupta-KumaraguptaII-Vishnugupta
• Aprahata-Forest land
• Nivi Dharma-Land endowment in perpetuity
• Talavataka was village accountant
• According to Visakhadutta Vasana the saka ruler killed Ramagupta
• Allhabad pillar inscription is the first epigraphic evidence of zero
• The term Bhukti first apeared in the Bhojdeva inscription of Gwalior
• Tadaga was a reservoir
• Audrangika collected the King's share in kind
• Nivartana, Dronavapa, Kulavapa were all units of measurement
• Total 42 inscriptions of this age are found with maximum belonging to Kumaragupta
• The great boar image was installed at the gate of Udaygiri
• Kumaragupta is said to have embraced Buddhism towards the end of his reign
• Samudragupta sent an embassy to China in 361 AD and Skandagupta sent an embassy to China
• Mahapratihara was the palace guard
• Gadhiya was a series of coins during this period
• Fields owned by cultivators themselves were known as Kutumba Kshetra
• Dandin wrote Dasakumaracharita
• Bhattin wrote Ravanabadha
• According to T'sing Srigupta built a temple for the chinese pilgrims at Mrigashikhavahana
• Toramana was converted to jainism
• Earliest evidence of temple prostitution in India, Ramgarh inscription
• Narada smriti talks about 15 kinds of slaves
• Drangik-Official for collection of custom duties
• Yajnavalka Smriti was the official lawbook of the Guptas
• Kulika-Guild of artisans
  

Vijaynagar Kingdom-some points to remember

• Yusuf Adil Shah was killed by KrishnaDeva Raya(KDR) in the Battle of Kovilkonda
• KDR was known as Andhra Bhoja whereas Allasani Peddana was known as Andhra Kavita Pitamaha
• Tenali Rama who wrote Panduranga Mahamattya, adorned the court of KDR
• Tirumalamma was a famous poetess in the court of Achyuta Deva
• During Virupaksha II Orissa became a part of Vijaynagar empire for the first time
• Amuktamalyada written by KDR in Telegu was a book on polity
• Siddhya was the tax collected in cash
• Bukka sent an embassy to China(Ming dynasty).He adopted the title Vedamarga Pratisthapaka
  
• Besabaga was the sale of human.Nicolo Conti talks in detail about it
  
• Shalabhoga educational grant
• Devaraya II wrote Mahanataka Sudhanidhi in sanskrit.His court was visited by Abdur Razzak
  
• Battle of Talikota or the Battle Rakshasha Taggadi was fought on the bank of river Krishna
• Devaraya I included Turkish soldiers in his army.His court was visited by Nicolo Conti.
• The Military Dept was known as Khandachara and the revenue Dept as Athvane
• Nuniz came during KDR's rule
• Nikitin talks about the financial dualism prevailing in the country
• Pattanaswamy was the head of Traders' Associations
• Bhandarabadha was the crown land
• Lola Lakshmidhara wrote "Saraswati Vilasa"
• Rayasam was Royal decree
• Anegundi was the initial capital of Vijayngar empire
• KDR abolished marriage tax and patronised "Ashtadiggaja"
  
• Kalyanamandapa was the ornated pillar pavillions in the temples
• Barbers were exempted from professional taxes
• Harihara II captured Belgaum and Goa and attacked SriLanka after which he took the title"Maharajadhiraja"
• KDR gave permission to Albequerque to built a fort at Bhatkal
• Harihara and Bukka initially served under PrataprudraDeva II of Kakatiya dynasty
• Marava were the fishermen
• Srirangam inscription belongs to KDR